The Measure of Literary Giants - An Interview with Joseph Pearce...

IgnatiusInsight.com: A few years ago you wrote Literary Converts, which is a series of biographical vignettes of late-nineteenth-century and twentieth-century converts and their ties to one another. How is your new book, Literary Giants, Literary Catholics, different from that earlier book? What is the central focus, or goal, of Literary Giants, Literary Catholics?

Pearce: The earlier book was an integrated narrative history of the twentieth century, detailing the network of minds (and grace) that animated the Catholic Literary Revival. The new book discusses some of the key writers of this Revival in greater detail.

IgnatiusInsight.com: In the introduction you bring up two themes that you indicate inform the whole of the book: the conversion of culture and the evangelizing power of beauty. How do you think Literary Giants, Literary Catholics and your other books support and foster these two themes?

Pearce: It seems to me that our sick, decaying and wayward modern culture can be converted by the power of Reason (theology, philosophy, apologetics and catechetics), Love (the example of sanctity in action) and Beauty (the power of art, architecture, music, film and literature). Although these three areas of cultural engagement overlap, and indeed are united in Truth, they represent distinct approaches to changing the world in which we live. I see my vocation as a writer, speaker and teacher to be in the third of these areas. The awesome power of beauty to convert and evangelize the modern world needs to be unleashed through the employment of cultural apologetics: converting the culture with culture itself. I hope that my latest book will succeed in bringing souls to the truth by leading them through beauty to Beauty Himself.

IgnatiusInsight.com: Literary Giants, Literary Catholics has a strong apologetic quality. Is it your most overt work of apologetics, in the general sense of defending and explaining Catholicism?

Pearce: Many of my earlier works were biographies of major Catholic literary figures in which my role was to tell the story of their lives in an objective manner. In such books, as in such lives, the truth emerges from the lessons learned from the experience of the protagonists. In the new book I concentrate on the deep Christian content in the works of these writers. This has enabled me to explore the Catholic dimension in greater detail than was possible in the biographies. As such, it can be said to be more overtly a work of apologetics than my previous work.

IgnatiusInsight.com: One of the longest chapters is titled "Tradition and Conversion in Modern English Literature." What is the paradoxical relationship between the two and why is that relationship so important?

Pearce: We live in a world of chronological snobbery in which it is presumed superciliously that the present is always superior to the past purely because it is assumed that society is always progressing from an ignorant past to an "enlightened" future.

How anyone can believe such drivel after the horrors of the past century is astonishing. From the killing fields of World War One to the Holocaust of World War Two; from the bombing of Hiroshima, Nagasaki and Dresden to the Gulag Archipelago of Soviet Russia and the institutionalized murder of Mao's China; not to mention the mass infanticide of abortion; from any perspective the past century has been the bloodiest and most murderous in the whole of humanity's bloodstained history. Against this destructive "progressive" backdrop, we see the resurrection of Tradition: the power of the Past to make sense of the Present. The paradoxical relationship between Tradition and Conversion lies in the fact that conversion requires a rejection of post-Enlightenment "tradition" in order to embrace the older and authentic Tradition of Christendom. The paradox resides in the necessity of rejecting a lesser tradition to embrace a greater.

IgnatiusInsight.com: Several of the essays are on a topic you've written much about in other books, including two biographies: the Chesterbelloc. Although so closely identified with one another, Chesterton and Belloc were actually quite different in nearly every way, weren't they? What are some of the respective strengths and weaknesses of each man as author and apologist?

Pearce: The new book examines these two great writers at greater depth than was possible in either biography. It is true that Chesterton and Belloc differed in many ways. Chesterton lived almost exclusively in a world of ideas, dreaming of action; Belloc married the world of ideas with the world of action, from his travels in Europe and America to his turbulent years as a Member of Parliament. Chesterton's charity embraced the command to love our enemy; Belloc's bellicosity sometimes seemed to justify the desire of the "Sailor" in one of his poems that "all my enemies go to hell"! On the deepest level, however, Chesterton and Belloc were united in their robust defense of the Faith. I look at the complex relationship between these two great men in a chapter of Literary Giants, Literary Catholics entitled "The Chesterbelloc: Examining the Beauty of the Beast".


This interview was conducted with Joe Pearce on the 28th of June, 2005. Joe Pearce's blog can be found at:

http://www.staustinreview.com/ink_desk/

On a separate note the Hilaire Belloc Blog would like to congratulate Mr Pearce on his recent appointment:

'I am delighted to announce that I have accepted a new position with Thomas More College of Liberal Arts in New Hampshire (www.thomasmorecollege.edu). I have been appointed as a Visiting Fellow and as Writer-in-Residence and will commence teaching in the coming Fall semester. I have a long-standing friendship with, and admiration for, William Fahey, the College President, and Christopher Blum, the Dean, both of whom I have known since their days at Christendom College. I am truly delighted and very excited to be part of the same Faculty as these wonderfully learned and devoutly orthodox men. I'm also excited to be part of such a dynamic hub at the centre of the New Evangelization. Thomas More College is not only a Catholic liberal arts school of the first rank and highest order but is also associated with Crisis Magazine and Sophia Institute Press. I feel that I am entering into the very heart of all that is best in contemporary Catholicism and will be joining a band of culture warriors who are defending the Faith robustly against the rising tide of secular fundamentalism. I hope I prove worthy to fight in their ranks.

On a sadder note, my move to Thomas More College ends my eleven year association with Ave Maria University in Florida. I have deep respect for the Faculty at AMU and wish them every success in the future.'

Ars Taedica - James V. Schall S.J.

My young friend, Gregory Doolan, has a very excellent collection of Belloc books. He does not have, however, very many of Belloc's books of essays, none of the "On" books, for example, though he does have a couple of different collections of Belloc's shorter pieces. Normally, I hesitate to borrow a book I genuinely covet, but finally the other evening, without necessarily revealing this darker side of my own otherwise happy nature -- I figure ex-students should be smart enough to have already figured it out -- I did borrow Hilaire Belloc, Stories, Essays, and Poems (London: Dent, 1938). The book Mr. Doolan had was a 1957 hardback, an enlarged reprint copy, the Everyman's Library Edition, with an Introduction by J. B. Morton. On the title page, the book bears the name of "Francis Sample, Cathedral College." I have no idea where Cathedral College might be. Mr. Doolan must have found this collection in a used book store some place. If there is anything I like to see in ex-students of mine, besides their being aware of the darker sides of human nature, including my own, it is a diligence in haunting used book stores.

Two days after I borrowed this book, I took it with me to read on the Washington Metro returning to the Rosslyn Station across the Potomac from Georgetown. The first short piece I read was called "Mrs. Markham on the Police." It was really a funny account of a certain Mrs. Markham talking to her children. One of my Denver cousins in fact is a "Mrs. Markham", but bears no other similarity to this English lady explaining to her children why we have police, even though, in England, they only can use truncheons -- "No, my dear, we (English) do not give them (police) arms because we think it would be cruel and unjust. But we let them have a thick stick called a truncheon, with which they can hit people upon the head as hard as ever they like, to make them obey." You will understand the high metaphysical quality of Belloc's work by the next question Mrs. Markham's son Tommy asks her, "What do they do, Mamma, when, after the policemen have hit and hit and hit with their truncheons, and yet people will not obey?" -- a query worthy of an Augustine.

The second item I read was an essay entitled "The Art of Boring." I must confess almost breaking into tears on the Metro as I read it, so funny it was. I am very conscious of the outlandish effect on other absorbed Metro riders of an elderly gentleman bursting sporadically into laughter while reading an otherwise innocuous book. I still get what are called giggles when I think about it.

What made the essay doubly funny to me, as I read it, was its similarity of thesis to what is known as the Reverse Peter Principle. The Peter Principle, as you recall, states, more or less, that we rise to the level of our incompetence so that, in effect, every job is filled by an incompetent, a principle that, more than others I have seen, helps to explain our current political scene. However, let us suppose that, by manipulating this principle, you are shrewd enough to prevent yourself from rising to the level of your own incompetence. You simply want to stay at a level you are comfortable with. The way you do it is, on the occasion of your being considered to be Department Head or Associate Vice President or District Manager, you manage to do something so outlandish, like, say, suddenly cut off all your hair, or you begin to light your pipe with a sun glass  On observing your behaviour, the already incompetents in charge quietly pass you over.

Belloc's "Art of Boring" is not unmindful of and probably was inspired by the famous essay of the Roman Poet Horace on "The Bore" and on how difficult it is to get rid of him. This is where Belloc suggests that what he is talking about, in Latin, is "Ars Taedica" -- taedium means weariness or loathing, hence boring. What is at issue for Belloc is not whether you yourself are boring to others, but whether you can deliberately be boring to others, either to pay them back or to accomplish some other worthy purpose -- hence the similarity to the Reverse Peter Principle.

"The Art of Boring" is a handbook on how to go about boring other people. Belloc tells us that many books and essays are written complaining of bores, but he recalls none to tell us how to acquire this useful art. Many bores, of course, are unconscious of the quality of their ability to bore other people to death. But positively to choose to bore, you must practice and have some skill. There are rules for boring others.

First you have to recognize the signs that the phenomenon is present. "The first sign is an attention in the eye of the bored person to something trivial other than yourself." You will notice the genius of Belloc's writing when you try to ask whether the pronoun "yourself" here was deliberately intended to refer also to "something trivial." To make his point, Belloc remarks that "if while you are talking to him his eye is directed to a person aiming a gun at him, that is not a sign of boredom." On the other hand, if his eye is caught by a "little bird" or "a passing cloud", this is a sign that he is bored with you. Two other signs of boredom are 1) when the other keeps interspersing interjections that have nothing to do with what you are talking about, and 2) when the bored person suddenly begins to talk to someone else in the midst of your discourse with him.

Just as any topic can be made boring, so can any topic be made interesting. The trick is to know how to make something vitally interesting dull. One way is the monotonous tone of your voice. A second way is to bring in a lot of useless detail and to branch off into all directions. Belloc gives the following example of hesitating over a date as a brilliant way for someone who wants to bore another to proceed: "'It was in July 1921 -- no, now I come to think of it, it must have been 1920, because --' (then tell them why it must have been 1920). 'No, now I think of it, it must have been 1921' (then tell them why it was 1921) -- 'or was it 1922? Anyway, it was July, and the year doesn't matter; the whole point is the month.'" Belloc calls this simply "a capital beginning, especially the last words, which indicate to the bored one that you have deliberately wasted his time to no purpose."

We make the same boring approach with a name, or by introducing many superfluous words and adjectives. Moral and artistic digressions are also helpful in boring someone to death. Belloc's reasonings here are enormously amusing: "Stop in the middle of the thing and add to the agony by explaining that you don't mind a man's getting drunk, or that you do mind it, or that you have no objections to such building as you are describing, or what not: for your private opinions in art and morals are the most exquisitely boring things in he world and you can't bring them up too much." A particularly fine way to bore someone else, Belloc adds, is to forget the end of a story you are telling. You could also led your listener up to a major question and ask eloquently, "What do you think to be the answer?" Then you forget the answer.

Belloc addresses the case of people who are adept at recognizing our boringness so that they try to defend themselves against it. It takes considerable skill on the part of the borer to defeat this sort of counter-attack by the boree. Suppose the borer is speaking dryly and at length of Rio to the bored listener. The latter fights back by announcing that he too knows Rio. He then starts giving back what he knows to the borer. How does the one intending to bore deflect such a one approach? Two ways are open. One is to complain that you are being interrupted. The other is to wait till the other's knowledge of Rio is exhausted, then continue right on as before.

A skilled defender against a boring person can also try this: he can wait patiently till the borer (who, remember, is deliberately trying to bore) finishes his point. The bored man can wait a moment and then ask the bore to go on, as if he had not known the boring story was finished. The proper way to defend against this defence, Belloc thinks, is for the one inflicting the boring story simply to repeat it.

If the boree tries to walk away from the borer, it will often work, but this is a sign of defeat. The borer's proper response, and it takes a brave man to do this, is to follow the bored man walking away, corner him, and continue with the boring story as if nothing has happened.

Belloc gives two fine points about how to be boring. The first is to put long pauses into one's conversations and dare the other to break it. Just as the boree is about to interrupt, recommence the boring story. "The other way is talking half incomprehensibly, mumbling, and the rest of it -- then, when the boree impatiently asks you to repeat, do it still less clearly." This method, Belloc adds, "never fails."

In the end, Belloc thinks that this fine art of boring others (ars taedica) probably cannot be learned with rules and precepts. Then he adds, with exquisite irony in the light of all that he has said about names and dates, "perhaps I have written in vain." That is to say, in setting out deliberately to bore us with an essay on "the art of boring," he has in fact delighted us by reminding us how utterly boring we can be.

From Generally Speaking, November, 1997.

Schall on Belloc James V. Schall, S. J.

Shipley Mill Becomes the Belloc Memorial

A Thoroughly English Event


THE spirit of Hilaire Belloc himself seemed to preside over the opening last Saturday of the newly-restored Shipley Mill which is peculiarly appropriate memorial to a great Catholic writer.

"In she month of May in my own country all the woods are new," he once wrote. Not only were the woods new but the sky was blue, the sun shone and, most fortunate of all, a strong breeze kept the windmill which he had loved so well busily grinding barley throughout the proceedings.

As Mr. J. B. Morton, who for years was Belloc's friend, made the opening speech the shadow of the majestically turning sweeps moved rhythmically across the blossoming apple trees and surrounding pastures.
It was a light hearted, thoroughly English event. Belloc himself would have appreciated it to the full.

Some 300 to 400 of his friends—old and new—had gathered for the occasion. Some £800 (of which readers to my page 4 column donated a handsome part) had been raised by voluntary subscription and to this the West Sussex County Council had added a large sum to make possible the repair and restoration of the mill.

On the platform the brief opening ceremony was presided over by Belloc's son-in-law, Mr. Reginald Jebb, and Mr. Hilary Belloc, son of the poet and author, who had come over from America. The new plaque above the mill door reads  "Let this be a memorial to Hilaire Belloc who garnered a harvest of wisdom and sympathy for young and old." Edmond Warre, Belloc's old friend, had given the plaque and chosen the words for it.

The mill stands beside King's Land, Belloc's home for so many years. Henceforth it will have as its guardian the County Council and will be open to the public.

Unlike most modern memorials it is at once both beautiful and useful. And like so much of BelIoc's own written work, it looks back nostalgically to the past, adds a touch of romance to the present and is set against a background which is unchanging and unchangeable.


From the archive of the Catholic Herald 16th May 1958.

http://archive.catholicherald.co.uk/article/16th-may-1958/1/s-shipley-mill-becomes-the-belloc-memorial

Central London Talk coming up soon...

Mike Hennessy in reflective mode. Do I see a superficial resemblance?

The veteran Bellocian Mike Hennessy has agreed to give a talk on Belloc and his parliamentary career next month. Mike has researched Belloc's parliamentary speeches extensively and is well placed to do so as he works at the Palace of Westminster. We look forward to what promises to be a most entertaining evening. Here are the details:

‘Belloc and Parliament’

Michael Hennessy

(A meeting organised by the Belloc Society)

Tuesday the 27^th of November at 7.30pm

Venue: The Spying Room, The Morpeth Arms, Millbank, Pimlico (nearest tube Pimlico).

The Belloc Society is pleased to announce that Michael Hennessy will be giving a talk on Hilaire Belloc MP and his parliamentary contributions during the early part of the last century. Belloc was one of the great Catholic writers of the 20^th Century.  

If you would like to made aware of future meetings please send an e-mail message to hilaire.belloc.923@facebook.com or send a friend request to www.facebook.com/hilaire.belloc.923

Across Sussex with Belloc...

Stane Street - near Gumber Corner

In the light of Chris Hare's forthcoming talk I thought that another post on The Four Men would be timely. This is Belloc's mythical journey across Sussex during the early part of the last century. 


I rarely write about out-of-print books, the focus of A Common Reader being primarily modern literature and European literature in recent translation. However, I recently found myself turning once again to an old favourite on my shelves, The Four Men, and felt it was worth writing about.

Hilaire Belloc (1870-1953) was one of the most prolific writers of the first half of the 20th century but is now largely forgotten. His great friend and associate G K Chesterton is perhaps better remembered, largely because of his “Father Brown” stories about a priest/detective which have often been the subject of television and radio plays.

Belloc was a writer of essays and poems, a travel-writer and biographer and a political commentator, deeply involved in most of the controversies of the day. Much of his writing is now redundant in the way that all comment on contemporary issues must become. But this still leaves a large number of works which will be read as long as people enjoy good writing and want to learn more about times past.

The Four Men, describes a journey Belloc made on foot from one end of Sussex to the other, and while it is a minor classic in its own right, it is also of interest to Sussex enthusiasts because of its many references to the towns and villages of the county. The story is told in a mythical or allegorical way. The writer is sitting in a pub in Robertsbridge in the east of the county, when he realises that he has had enough of his travels and decides to walk home to the far west of Sussex, “where the Arun rises”.


An elderly man overhears his musings and offers to walk with him, but refuses to give his name, whereupon the writer gives him the name Grizzlebeard, also giving himself the name of “Myself”. They set off from the George Inn at Robertsbridge and soon pick up two other travellers, The Sailor and The Poet, the four of them agreeing to travel in a group as long as it suits them.

One can assume that all four characters are different aspects of Belloc, and are largely a device to enable him to describe conversations along the road on a wide range of topics whether philosophy, religion or the attrributes of good beer and cheese.

This is a book for those who love Sussex. Early in the book, Grizzlebeard declares that Sussex alone will escape the Day of Judgement, for,

the horrible rain of fire will fall . . . upon the whole earth, and strike all round the edges of the county, consuming Tonbridge and Appledore (but not Rye), and Horley and Ockley, and Hazelmere, and very certainly Petersfield and Havant, and there shall be an especial woe for Hayling Island; but not one hair of the head of Sussex shall be singed . . . and that in spite of Burwash and those who dwell therein.

But this is a deeply rural Sussex of the early 20th century with remote hamlets hidden from view and rarely visited, of old Inns at which a traveller can arrive in early evening and find a room, of roads unsullied by motor traffic and still the domain of horses and walkers.

The Sussex Downs, the range of hills that reaches the length of the county, features throughout the book and Belloc describes the first view of the Downs with appropriate enthusiasm:

No exiles who have seen them thus, coming back after many years, and following the road from London to the sea, hungry for home, were struck more suddenly or more suddenly uplifted by that vision of the the hills then we four men some coming upon it that morning, and I was for a moment their leader; for this was a place I had cherished ever since I was a boy.

The book is suffused with Belloc’s almost evangelistic Catholicism. He like to write as though the Reformation never happened and that the England he loves remained with the old religion. We read of saints and martyrs and the four men sometimes discuss old religious controversies such as the Pelagian heresy as though they were contemporary. This is however done in a fairly light-hearted way and one can almost feel that Belloc is teasing his readers to see that the predominant Anglicanism of his time is a bit of a new-comer on the religious scene.

Despite his strong religious impulse, Belloc’s love of the English Inn surfaces throughout the book, and many of the pubs he refers to still exist:

Is there not the Bridge Inn of Amberley and the White Hart of Storrington, the Spread Eagle of Midhurst, that oldest and most revered of all the prime inns of this world, and the White Hart of Storrington, the Spread Eagle of Midhurst . . . and the White Hart of Steyning and the White Horse of Storrington and the Swan of Petworth . . . they were mortal inns, human inns, full of a common and reasonable good.

And there is no lack of celebration of beer either – Belloc often writes like a member of the Campaign for Real Ale, waxing rhapsodic over the beer he found at the Frankland Arms, Washington, West Sussex. the website for which records, “opened as coaching inn on the Worthing to London road, the inn was made famous by the publication of Hilaire Belloc’s book, “The Four Men” published in 1912. The book claims that the “swipes” he had at the Washington inn “are the very best I know”. Sadly, the Mitchell’s Brewery that supplied the beer that Belloc enjoyed so much, closed not long after the book was published“.
Even Sussex cheese gets a look-in:

In Sussex, let me tell you, we have but one cheese, the name of which is CHEESE. It is One, and undivided, though divided into a thousand fragments, and unchanging, though changing in place and consumption. There is in Sussex no Cheese but Cheese, and it is the same cheese from the head of the Eastern Rother to Harting Hill, and from the sea-beach to that part of Surrey which we gat from the Marches with sword and bow. In colour it is yellow. It is neither young nor old. Its taste is that of Cheese and nothing more.

Indeed it is hard to think of a book which exhibits more love for a county than The Four Men, and Belloc occasionally launches into a rich lyricism to describe the land he loves:

 The moon stood over Chanctonbury, so removed and cold in her silver that you might almost have thought her careless of the follies of men; little clouds her attendants, shone beneath her worshipping, and they presided together over a general silence. Her light caught the edges of the Downs. There was no mist. She was still frosty-clear when I saw her set behind those hills. The stars were brilliant after her setting, and deep quiet held the valley of the Adur, my little river, slipping at low tide towards the sea.

With The Four Men before us we are taken back to an earlier age, a time when rural England was still deeply rural. And yet as one who lives in Sussex, I can say that there still are remote villages linked by bridleways on which one can walk from place to place without encountering a car. And certainly you can walk the spine of the Downs on the South Downs Way and remember that you are largely on ancient tracks which date back to Neolithic times, as is shown by the barrows and earth-works you encounter along the way.

I particularly liked the quite detailed desription of the route followed by Belloc. This meant that I was able to get out a map and trace his footsteps along the way. Much of the landscape is familiar to me, and I was able to obtain more information about Belloc’s walk by reading a public libray copy of Bob Copper’s book, Across Sussex with Belloc. Bob Copper recreated Belloc’s walk in the 1980s. Bob Copper was himself a noted expert on Sussex, being an avid collector of folk songs and in Copper’s book we find the music for the various tunes and songs referred to by Belloc. Across Sussex with Belloc makes a fine companion to The Four Men. I would dearly like to buy a second hand copy of Copper’s book but with prices ranging from £35 to £95 I think I’ll have to keep a watch on ebay for the chance to win one in an auction (later note – I bought a second-hand paperback version for about £12).

This review is courtesy of 'A Common Reader': http://acommonreader.org/the-four-men-hilaire-belloc/

Halnaker Mill

HILAIRE BELLOC IN SUSSEX: a talk by Chris Hare

The veteran Bellocian Chris Hare will be giving a talk, on Belloc, at the Shoreham 'Wordfest' this coming October. If anyone is interested in attending tickets can be purchased from the following site:

ww.shorehamwordfest.com/wordfesttickets.htm

Here are the details of the talk:

HILAIRE BELLOC IN SUSSEX: a talk by Chris Hare

Monday 1 October, 7.30pm

Tickets: £3 from TicketSource or direct from WordFest

Venue: Marlipins Museum, High Street, Shoreham-by-Sea

Readings from Hilaire Belloc’s writing and an exploration of his links with Sussex, led by local historian Chris Hare. 

Refreshments available.

Hilaire Belloc was born in France in 1870 but grew up in Slindon, West Sussex. As an adult he lived with his family at Kingsland in Shipley. This talk will explore and illuminate this love for Sussex, including Sussex-themed extracts from his books and poems.

Chris Hare was born locally in 1962. Since 1987 Chris has been writing on local history and local interest topics. He is a graduate of the University of Brighton and has an MA from the University of Sussex. He has written nine books and some two hundred articles on historical and Sussex topics.

The Walk - photos...

Mrs Shipley...

The Belloc walk, in and around 'Kingsland', took place on the 18th of August. It was a highly enjoyable day which was rounded off, rather nicely, by a wonderful evening of music (courtesy of Chris Hare's folk singers and the indefatigable Jacobite minstrel Jamie Bogle).

We gallivanted across open fields and weaved our way through the narrow bridle paths so beloved by the great writer. We read poetry at his grave, picnicked at his old parish church and sang thirsty songs amidst the throbbing banter of a Sussex pub. 

Here are a few pictures which, I think, capture the flavour of the day. There will be a further event, later in the year, in central London. If you would like to be on the mailing list for future outings, and events, please send your e- mail address to: 

thehilairebellocblog@gmail.com

The beginning...

Lilia is hot and thirsty.  Later she shares her aquatic spoils with us...

Knepp Castle in the background; a fair maiden in the foreground...

What a female archer! Jan is amused, Aidan bemused, Piers open-minded and Jamie sceptical...

Poetry at Belloc's resting place. John Kingston takes a grave view of the proceedings...

Just before the harvest...

The candle still burns...

'Kingsland'!

The pub. Good cheer, good honest English Ale and good music...